THE SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 4.1 Introduction 80 42 Thermal Energy Reservoirs 81 43 Heat Engines 81 43.1 Thermal Efficiency 83 4.4 Kelvin-Planck Statement of the Second Law 84 45 Refrigerators, Heat Pumps and Air-conditioners 85 4.5.1 Heat Pumps 87 4.5/ Air-conditioners 89 4.6 Clausius Statement of the Second Law 89 4.7 Equivalence of Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements 4.8 Perpetual-Motion Machines 91 4.9 Reversible and Irreversible Processes 92 4.10 The Carrot Cycle 93 4.10.1 The Reversed Carrot Cycle 94 4.11 The Carrot Principles 94 4.12 The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale 97 4.13 The Carnot Heat Engine 99 4.14 The Quality of Energy 100Ĥ.15 The Camot Refrigerator and Heat Pumpĥ. THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF CONTROL VOLUME 56 -79 3.1 Introduction 56 3.2 Conservation of Energy Principle 57 3.2.1 Flow Work 58 322 Total Energy of a Flowing Fluid 58 33 The Steady-Flow Process 59 3.4 Some Steady-Flow Engineering Devices 60 3.4.1 Nozzles and Diffusers 61 3.4.2 Turbines and Compressors 62 3.4.3 Throttling Valves 63 3.4.4 Mixing Chambers 64 3.4.5 Heat Exchangers 65 3.4.6 Pipe and Duct Flow 65 35 The Unsteady-Flow Process 66 3.6 The Uniform-Flow Process 67 Summary 74 Problems 76Ĥ. The First Law of Thermodynamics 39 Specific Heats 41 The Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of Ideal Gases 42 The Internal Energy, Enthalpy, and Specific Heats of Solids and
ENERGY AND THE FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS 22-55 2.1 Energy 22 22 Heat 22 2.3 Work 24 2.3.1 Path and Point Functions 25 2.32 Electrical Work 26 2.33 Mechanical Work 27 23.4 Moving Boundary Work 27 2.3.5 Polytropic Process 29 23.6 Gravitational Work 32 23.7 Acceleration Work 33 23.8 Shaft Work 35 2.3.9 Spring Work 36 23.10 Work Done on Elastic Bars 37 23.11 Work Done in Stretching a Liquid Film 37 23.12 Thermodynamic Definition of Work 38 23.13 Nonmechanical Forms of Work 38 v BASIC CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS Thermodynamics and Energy 1 Classical and Statistical Thermodynamics 2 Applications of Thermodynamics 3 Dimensions and Units 3 Closed and Open Systems 4 Forms of Energy 6 1.6.1 Internal Energy 7 1.7 Properties of a System 8 1.8 State and Equilibrium 9 1.9 Processes and Cycles 10 1.10 The State Postulate 12 1.11 Pressure and Mechanical Equilibrium 12 1.12 Temperature and the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics Summary 17 Problems 19Ģ. Ghosh, Prentice-Hall of India Private LirrittE),1 M-97, Connaught Circus, New Delhi-110001 and Printed by Mohan Makhijani at Rekha Printers Private Limited, NewĬontents Preface Preface to the First Editionġ. ISBN-8-X The export rights of this book are vested solely with the publisher.
No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means, without permission in writing from the publisher. © 2005 by Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited. 425.00 FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS, 2nd ed.
Prentice-Hall of India Private New Delhi -1 RATHAKRISH NAN Professor Department of Aerospace Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur Urn:oclc:863631874 Republisher_date 20120721225837 Republisher_operator Scandate 20120721033248 Scanner of Engineering Thermodynamicsįundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics SECOND EDITIONĮ.
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